Belem Tower
Introduction to Belem Tower
One of Portugal's most remarkable landmarks and a UNESCO World Heritage site, Belem Tower (Torre de Belém) stands tall as an enduring symbol of the country's rich maritime history. Located in the Belem District of Lisbon, the beautifully intricate fortified tower was commissioned in the early 16th century by King Manuel I and has played a crucial role in Portugal's fascinating past. Built both as a ceremonial gateway and a defensive structure in the Tagus River, Belem Tower has attracted millions of tourists from around the globe, leaving them in awe of its architectural beauty and cultural significance. This article delves deeper into the history and architecture of Belem Tower and looks at its role in the modern day.
The History of Belem Tower
Belem Tower's foundation was laid in 1514 under the supervision of military architect Francisco de Arruda, who had a long history of constructing forts in the then-Portuguese territories of North Africa. The tower was completed six years later in 1520 and initially served as a point of embarkation for Portuguese explorers setting out on long voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, most notably, the famed explorer Vasco da Gama.
In the 16th and early 17th centuries, the Belem Tower was an essential part of the sophisticated military defense system on the Tagus River, protecting Lisbon and its critical harbor from potential enemy invasions. However, as Lisbon's harbor gradually moved westward further from the Tower, Belem Tower lost its strategic importance over the centuries. Between the late 16th to early 19th centuries, the Tower saw various uses, including a political prison, custom checkpoint, and a telegraph station.
In 1983, Belem Tower was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with the nearby Jerónimos Monastery. These two monuments represent the pinnacle of Portuguese maritime explorations and the wealth generated from new sea routes during the Age of Discoveries.
Architectural Features of Belem Tower
Belem Tower is a stunning example of the Manueline architectural style that was popular in Portugal during the reign of King Manuel I. Also known as Portuguese late Gothic, this intricate style is characterized by richly ornamented designs featuring nautical elements, such as ropes, shells, and the armillary sphere, symbolizing Portuguese maritime power.
The Tower is divided into two distinct parts: the bastion and the four-story tower. The square bastion that stands next to the Tower was designed for artillery and defensive purposes. With its two floors, it originally held 17 large-caliber cannons and features a unique cylindrical bartizan (corner tower) that provided an excellent vantage point.
The prominent four-story tower, standing 30 meters (98 feet) in height, is adorned with elegant turrets, balconies, and terraces which overlook the Tagus River. The base of the tower features an arched Gothic entrance, where visitors can walk through the Tower and access its various levels by means of a narrow spiral staircase.
The interior of the Tower showcases an impressive rib-vaulted ceiling, typical of Gothic architecture. On the upper floors, the Tower's beauty is further enhanced by ornately carved stone balconies that provide stunning views of the river and the surrounding Belem district. At the very top, the Terrace of the Tower offers a breathtaking panorama of Lisbon and the Tagus River, making it a favorite spot among tourists and professional photographers alike.
The Iconic Landmark in Portugal's Cultural Landscape
Belem Tower's symbolism as a powerful reminder of Portugal's Age of Discoveries has had a lasting influence on the country's cultural heritage. Even during Portugal's struggle for independence from Spain (1640-1668), the Tower was regarded as a symbol of national pride and resistance. Today, Belem Tower serves as a prominent Lisbon landmark and an important venue for various cultural events and programs throughout the year.
Since it was opened to the public in 1980, Belem Tower has become one of the most visited monuments in Portugal. Tourists flock to the Tower to explore its intricate architecture and take in the alluring views of the Tagus River and the city of Lisbon. The iconic Tower has also been featured on various stamps, banknotes, and commemorative coins, further cementing its role as a symbol of Portugal's rich maritime history.
Visiting Belem Tower
Belem Tower is a must-visit attraction for anyone visiting Lisbon. It's located approximately 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) west of the city center and can be easily reached by public transportation, such as buses, trams or trains.
The Tower is open to visitors throughout the year, with longer visiting hours during the summer months. To ensure a comfortable visit and avoid long waiting times, it is advisable to arrive early in the day or pre-purchase tickets online. Detailed information on visiting hours and ticket prices can be found on the official website of Belem Tower.
In conclusion, Belem Tower is a remarkable testament to Portugal's illustrious maritime past and an essential destination for anyone seeking to explore the rich history and architectural magnificence of Lisbon. This UNESCO World Heritage site not only offers architectural beauty but a glimpse into the proud spirit of the Portuguese people and their vital role in the Age of Discoveries. While visiting Belem Tower, don't forget to admire the nearby Jerónimos Monastery and the Monument of the Discoveries for an even more enriching experience of Portugal's unique cultural heritage.