Sao Jorge Castle
Introduction to Sao Jorge Castle
Perched on top of a hill overlooking Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal, Sao Jorge Castle is an imposing fortress that dates back to medieval times. The castle is rich in history and offers visitors breathtaking views of the city and surrounding areas. With its picturesque architecture, lush gardens and informative museum, Sao Jorge Castle is a must-see for any traveler who wants to take a step back in time and explore this awe-inspiring stronghold.
Historical Background of Sao Jorge Castle
The history of Sao Jorge Castle stretches back over 2,000 years. It was initially a fortified settlement built by the indigenous Celtic tribes in the 2nd century BC. However, the Romans, Visigoths, and Moors also left their mark on the site. The Moors, who invaded the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th century, transformed the site into a military fortress during their rule. In the 12th century, Portugal's first king, Alfonso Henriques, reclaimed the site during the Siege of Lisbon in 1147. With the help of Northern European crusaders, they eventually captured the castle, and it became a symbol of Christian dominance in the region.
Over the centuries, the castle served as a residence for Portuguese royalty and administrative offices for the growing empire. However, by the 16th century, with the construction of new palaces and fortresses in Lisbon, the castle lost its importance and began to fall into disrepair. It suffered significant damage during the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, and its subsequent neglect led to its partial collapse. However, restoration efforts commenced in the early 20th century and continued for several decades, resulting in the impressive structure we see today.
Exploring the Grounds and Architecture of Sao Jorge Castle
Sao Jorge Castle covers an area of over 6,000 square meters and features double walls with impressive fortified gates. As you walk through the entrance, you are greeted by the stunning views of the city and the Tagus River. The Traca dos Descobridores mural commemorates Portugal's Age of Exploration and features Henry the Navigator, Vasco da Gama, and Pedro Alvares Cabral.
Wandering through the castle, you will find several towers that provide unparalleled views of Lisbon. The most famous of these is the Tower of Ulysses, which houses a working periscope that offers 360-degree views of the city. Additionally, the castle features ten square towers, two of which have been converted into watchtowers. You can also explore the remains of the ancient Alcazaba, a Moorish palace and residential area for the elite, which features the Casa Ogival, an arched-room that was once the heart of the palace.
Visitors can also stroll through the Castelejo, an open space enclosed by the castle walls, which features charming gardens, viewpoints, and peacocks roaming freely. The central courtyard showcases a replica of a medieval weapon called a trebuchet, an impressive reminder of the castle's formidable defenses. For historians, the castle houses a small but fascinating museum dedicated to its history and the archaeological findings discovered during the restoration process, including artifacts from the Iron Age, Roman and Visigothic periods, and the Moorish occupation.
Events and Activities at Sao Jorge Castle
Throughout the year, Sao Jorge Castle hosts various events and activities to engage visitors and locals alike. From living history demonstrations with participants dressed in traditional medieval attire to theater performances and concerts, there is always something happening within the castle walls. One popular event is the Noites de Guitarra (Nights of Guitar), a series of concerts organized each summer featuring local and international musicians who showcase the traditional Portuguese guitar, the Fado. The castle also offers educational workshops and guided tours, providing visitors with an immersive experience into Portugal's rich cultural history.
Visiting Sao Jorge Castle
Sao Jorge Castle is easily accessible from downtown Lisbon by public transportation, including buses, trams or the Santa Justa Lift. Alternatively, you can enjoy a leisurely 20-30 minute walk uphill through the narrow, winding streets of the Alfama district, Lisbon's oldest neighborhood, and home to the castle. The castle is open year-round from 9 am, with extended hours during the summer months. The admission fee varies depending on age, with discounts for seniors, students, and families.
Once inside the castle grounds, visitors can explore at their own pace or opt for a guided tour in various languages. Audio guides are also available for rent, providing a wealth of information on the castle's history and architecture. For those seeking refreshments, you will find cafes and a restaurant with outdoor seating, offering delicious Portuguese cuisine accompanied by the stunning views of Lisbon. Souvenir shops are also available on site, selling a diverse range of local crafts, including pottery, textiles, and jewelry to remember your visit to this historic site.
Conclusion
Sao Jorge Castle is an iconic landmark that stands as a testament to Lisbon's rich and diverse history. Whether you are a history buff, architecture enthusiast, or simply looking for breathtaking views of the city, the castle is an essential addition to your Lisbon itinerary. A visit to Sao Jorge Castle is an opportunity to be transported back in time to witness the evolution of the fortress from its Celtic foundations, through the Moorish period, to the golden era of Portugal's monarchy. With its impressive architecture, fascinating museum, and beautiful surroundings, Sao Jorge Castle is an unforgettable experience that will surely leave a lasting impression.